# How big is the Island of Hawaii?

Key Takeaways

  • The Island of Hawaii, commonly known as the Big Island, is the largest of the Hawaiian Islands and covers an area of 4,028 square miles.
  • The island is ranked as the 17th largest island in the United States and the 80th largest island in the world.
  • The highest point on the island is the summit of Mauna Kea, which stands at 13,803 feet above sea level.

Introduction

At first glance, the Island of Hawaii, also known as the Big Island, might be mistaken as just another island in the Pacific Ocean. However, it is the largest island in the Hawaiian archipelago and accounts for over 60% of the state's total land area. As an avid traveler, I was curious about the unique geographic features of the island and its ranking in size compared to others.

The Geography and Location of the Island

Situated in the Pacific Ocean, the Big Island of Hawaii is part of the archipelago and is the largest and southernmost island. The island features numerous climate zones from polar tundras to subtropical rainforests. Additionally, the landscape boasts stunning natural features such as beaches, waterfalls, valleys, and mountains, including shield volcanoes, with Mauna Kea being the highest peak.

Furthermore, this geographically diverse area spreads over 4,028 square miles and ranks as the 18th largest island globally while being almost twice as big as all other Hawaiian Islands put together.

Interestingly, most visitors believe that Kona is situated towards the west coast of Hawaii Island when it is actually along a catchment on the northwest side.

The Area and Ranking of the Island

The Big Island, located in Hawaii, is the largest island both in terms of area and population compared to other islands in the archipelago.

| Ranking | Island Name | Area (sq mi) | | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | Hawaii (Big Island) | 4,028 | | 2 | Maui | 727 | | 3 | Oahu | 597 | | 4 | Kauai | 552 | | 5 | Molokai | 260 |

The Big Island covers an impressive area of around four thousand square miles, making it over twice as large as any other Hawaiian island. The diversity of ecosystems on the island draws tourists consistently, making it a hotspot for nature enthusiasts to explore.

The Highest Elevation and Point of the Island

Located in Hawaii island, the highest point of the island can be discovered by identifying its geographical location and elevation. The mountainous terrain of the island contributes to its height with volcanic peaks dominating the landscape.

| Name | Elevation (ft) | Location | | --- | --- | --- | | Mauna Kea | 13,803 | 19°49′15′′N 155°28′4′′W | | Mauna Loa | 13,678 | 19°28′24′′N 155°36′29′′W |

Legend has it that these mountains were formed from lava flows as a result of fierce volcanic eruptions in ancient times. Scientists have found that due to Hawaii being situated over a hot spot, these volcanoes continue to experience eruption cycles and change their appearance over time.

The Administration and Symbols of the Island

The Island of Hawaii serves as its own county within the state. With over 200,000 residents, the island has a mayor and nine council members overseeing the administration. The official flower of the island is the Lehua Ohia and the official color is red. These symbols represent the unique and vibrant culture of the island.

The Symbols

  • The state flower of the island is the lehua blossom, commonly found in red, orange, yellow, pink, and white shades.
  • The official color for Hawaii's Big island is red with hints of yellow or orange to represent Pele's lava flow.
  • Other symbolic representations include the canoe plant, Hala tree leaves that have traditional medicines derived from them.
  • Hawaiian double-hulled voyaging canoes mark a vital part in Hawaiian culture and history.

The Demographics of the Island

The Island of Hawaii's (Big Island) population and density are notable factors that define it.

| Parameters | Data | | --- | --- | | Population | 200,983 | | Land Area | 4,028 square miles | | Density | 50 persons per square mile |

It is interesting to note that the Island of Hawaii's population is less than half of Oahu's, but its landmass is more extensive. Its low density encourages sustainable development and ecotourism, which have minimal impact on the environment.

Unlike other islands in Hawaii, the Big Island witnessed significant historic events such as Captain Cook's arrival in 1778, ancient Hawaiian battles waged on its soil, and Kamehameha I's unification of Hawaii.

The History, Geology, and Geography of the Island

The Naming and Discovery of the Island

The naming and discovery of the island's origin are intertwined with its history. The early Hawaiians named the island 'Hawaii,' which is still in use today, meaning 'place of refuge.' In 1778, British explorer James Cook found the island and called it 'Sandwich Island' in honor of his sponsor, John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich. However, after the United States acquired Hawaii in 1898, they renamed it as Hawaii Island to reduce confusion between the island and what was then becoming known as the state.

Before Cook's arrival, Hawaiki was ruled by Ali'i Nui (High Chiefs) who lived lives connected to their traditions and religious beliefs brought over via canoes on incredible voyages from Polynesia that began arriving here about AD400.

The Volcanism and Shield Volcanoes of the Island

The Island of Hawaii features an extensive array of shield volcanoes that define the island's topography. Shield volcanoes are broad and low-angled, with outpourings of fluid basaltic lava that spread over vast areas. The unique composition and structure of these volcanoes contribute to their gentle slopes. Consequently, they do not erupt explosively but build up gradually over time with flowing lava streams.

One well-known volcano among the five shield volcanoes on the Island includes Mauna Loa, the most significant mountain range globally, from its base undersea to its summit above sea level. Mauna Loa covers around 50% of the total land area on Big Island, making it one of the most diverse geological formations in Hawaii.

These geomorphic features profoundly impact human activity on the Island of Hawaii throughout its history, from choosing permanent settlements along erosion-resistant terrains to cultural significance among Hawaiian native community members. A collaborative approach incorporating scientific experts with indigenous knowledge holders offers a better understanding of these special places' natural value and unique cultural heritage for future generations.